My husband was born in Poland, came to the US 42 years ago. He has since obtained his US citizenship. We are traveling to Poland for the first time this fall - are there special travel documents that either of us will need besides a passport? I have been told there is a special kind of visa that he may need. Does anyone know for sure?

Only a Polish consulate can give you an authoritative answer. Have you checked the website of the Polish embassy? It says:
"US Citizens can travel to Poland for tourism and business for up to 90 days without visa. Work and residence visas for U.S. citizens are free of charge."

If there is something in this statement that leaves you confused, contact the nearest Polish consulate.

I've been to Poland several times since my entire family is there & I've never needed a visa - I even stayed an entire summer at a time. All you need is a passport, but it's a good idea to check with the Polish consulate to be sure - things can change. However beware - trying to get ahold of someone on the phone at the Polish consulate can be a nightmare - especially the chicago branch. Good luck!!

Poland has some weird citizenship laws ... although he is US citizen - he is still also considered by Poland a Polish citizen - and now crazy part - his children even ones born outside of Poland are also considered Polish citizens etc. etc. so really by current Polish law he would need 2 passports to travel to Poland (US passport and Polish passport) - Polish passport ... there have been a lot of talks and arguments about this issue - so this law is for now a dead law (although still not changed - it is not enforced).

So in short he should just use his US passport and there is no visa requirment for stays of 90days or less in Poland for US citizens... When crossing Polish borders he should not advertise his Polish language or Polish origin - just his US citizenship ... since he left Poland before 1980 he will not be in any Polish database and will not have PESEL# (kind of like SS# but with more personal info linked to it), so there be no issues even if something changes.
So in short US passport - no visa - just your travel tickets and enjoy Poland!

PeterB - I don't know anything about Polish policies, but US passports has the birthplace of the holder printed. Just wondering if the OP's husband may face some questions if the immigration officer sees that he was born in Poland. Just wondering out loud.

rkkwan : if the law was not dead-law then that could be the case ... althought there are instances where person dropped their citizenship or citizenship was taken away (common during Solidarity movement) and border guard does not have this info ... border gurad can match a person to so called PESEL in their DB but if person does not exist in that DB then it is kind of hard to know if person is considered a Polish citizen (even if born in Poland) ... also US passports are flexible enough where you can just list a country or just a city ... were there are few cities in US called Warsaw or Poland ;-)
so that is a theory part ...

In practice I know many people in same situation - and they had no problems traveling - although 6 years ago Polish government did try to re-activate that law stopping many of the dual citizens on boarder when they tried to leave US - most of them recent immigrants with PESEL on file ... this move was a huge hit to already low tourist industry budget at that time ...

Still it would have been nice (esspecially for people with PESEL# on file) if Polish Government did change this passport law, and did not require dual citizens to carry 2 passports (travel document with really identical information)...

typing to fast in previous post "they tried to leave US" should have been "they tried to leave Poland"