Since its founding in 1825, the academy has required each member elected to its museum and School of Fine Arts (the oldest art school in New York) to donate a representative work of art. This criterion produced a strong collection of 19th- and 20th-century American art, as members have included Mary Cassatt, Samuel F. B. Morse, Winslow Homer, Frank Lloyd Wright, Jacob Lawrence, I. M. Pei, Robert Rauschenberg, Maya Lin, Frank Gehry, and Red Grooms. The collection's home is a 19th-century mansion donated in 1940 by sculptor and academy member Anna Hyatt Huntington. Huntington's bronze, Diana of the Chase (1922), is in the academy's foyer.
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