Izmir

At first glance, this large city on the Gulf of Izmir surrounded by mountains seems modern and industrial—it's the site of many trade expositions and home to NATO's Southeast headquarters—and appears to be more of a hub than a vacation destination.

Izmir may not have immediate appeal, but if you take a few days to explore, you'll come to appreciate the diverse architecture, fascinating ruins, and interesting museums that give the city its edge. Despite the rapid growth of the past few decades, navigating Izmir is still manageable and pleasant. Interconnected piazzas and pedestrian-friendly walkways help ease your travels around the city. You can happily spend a day or two walking along the waterfront promenade, taking time to learn about the city's 7,000-year history, shopping in the outdoor bazaar, or discovering the old churches, synagogues, and other buildings scattered throughout the city are, and there is a lively café culture. The city is also a good base for exploring the southern Aegean region, and there are many outdoor activities nearby—among them bird-watching, skiing, and trekking.