Though it owes its current name to Pope Pius IV, this is one of the principal city gates in the Aurelian walls, built on order of the emperor Aurelianus in the 3rd century. They owe their survival for 16 centuries to the fact that the popes had to maintain them in good order to defend the city from invaders. Porta Pia is also Michelangelo's last piece of architecture -- he completed a facade for it in 1564. Nearby, a monument marks the breach in the walls created by Italian troops when they stormed into Rome in 1870 to claim the city from the pope for the new Italian state.
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