Housed in a Baroque masterwork by Borromini, this religious residence is named for Rome's favorite saint, Philip Neri, founder in 1551 of the Congregation of the Oratorians. Like the Jesuits, the Oratorians -- or Filippini, as they were commonly known -- were one of the new religious orders established in the mid-16th century as part of the Counter-Reformation. Under Neri's benign leadership, the Oratorians lived by a code of humility and good works. Neri, a man of rare charm and wit, insisted that the members of the order -- most of them young noblemen whom he had recruited personally -- not only renounce their worldly goods, but also work as common laborers in the building of Neri's great church of Santa Maria in Vallicella. The Oratory itself, headquarters of the order, was built by Borromini between 1637 and 1662. Its gently curving facade is typical of Borromini's insistence on introducing movement into everything he designed.
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