Musée National du Moyen-Age (National Museum of the Middle Ages, also called the Musée Cluny)

Musée National du Moyen-Age (National Museum of the Middle Ages, also called the Musée Cluny) Review

Built on the ruins of Lutecia's Roman Baths, the Hôtel de Cluny has been a museum since medievalist Alexandre Du Sommerard established his collection here in 1844. The ornate 15th-century mansion was created for the abbot of Cluny, leader of the most powerful monastery in France. Symbols of the abbot's power literally surround the building, from the crenellated walls that proclaimed his independence from the king, to the carved Burgundian grapes, symbolizing his valuable vineyards, twining up the entrance. The scallop shells (coquilles St-Jacques) covering the facade are a symbol of religious pilgrimage, another important source of income for the abbot; the well-traveled pilgrimage route to Spain once ran around the corner along the rue St-Jacques. The highlight of the collection is the world-famous Dame à la Licorne (Lady and the Unicorn) tapestry series, woven in the 16th century, probably in Belgium. The vermillion tapestries (Room 13) are an allegorical representation of the five senses. In each, a unicorn and a lion surround an elegant young woman against an elaborate millefleur (literally, 1,000 flowers) background. The enigmatic sixth tapestry is thought to be either a tribute to a sixth sense, perhaps intelligence, or a renouncement of the other senses. "To my only desire" is inscribed at the top. The collection also includes the original sculpted heads of the Kings of Israel and Judah from Notre-Dame, decapitated during the Revolution, and discovered in 1977 in the basement of a French bank. The frigidarium (Room 9) is a stunning ruin of the city's cold-water Roman baths. The soaring space, painstakingly renovated in 2009, houses temporary exhibits. Notice the Pillar of the Nauti (boatmen), dedicated to Jupiter and the city's oldest sculpture (from 1349 AD). The ruins of the hot water baths (caldarium), which are closed, are visible outside from Boulevard St-Michel. Don't miss the pocket-size chapel (Room 20) with its elaborate Gothic ceiling. Outside, in the Place Paul Painlevé, is a charming medieval-style garden with flora depicted in the unicorn tapestries. The free audioguide in English is highly recommended.