For a brief time in the early days of the colony, convicts who committed petty offenses were kept on this harbor island, where they existed on a meager diet that gave the island its early name: Pinchgut. The island was progressively fortified from 1841, when it was also decided to strengthen the existing defenses at Dawes Point Battery, under the Harbour Bridge. Work was abandoned when cash ran out and not completed until 1857, when fears of Russian expansion in the Pacific spurred further fortification. Today the firing of the fort's cannon signals not an imminent invasion, but merely the hour—one o'clock. The National Parks and Wildlife Service runs tours to Fort Denison lasting 2½ to 3 hours. Tours depart from Cadman's Cottage, 110 George Street, the Rocks.
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